Musi waGumiguru 15, Cochrane Collaboration (Cochrane Collaboration, yakazonzi Cochrane), sangano repasi rose rine chiremera chedzidzo yemishonga yakavakirwa pauchapupu, yakaratidza muongororo yaro yetsvakiridzo yazvino kuti 50 majors akaitwa kune vanopfuura zviuru gumi vanoputa vakuru pasi rese Zvidzidzo zvave. yakaratidza kuti e-fodya ine mhedzisiro yekurega kuputa, uye mhedzisiro yekuenderera mberi nicotine replacement therapy nedzimwe nzira.
Cochrane anotsanangura kuti mhedzisiro yekushandisa nicotine e-fodya kurega kusvuta zviri nani pane kushandisa nicotine replacement therapy uye e-fodya isingabatanidzi chikakananda.
Purofesa Peter Hajek, munyori pamwe chete wekuongorora kweCochrane uye mutungamiriri weTobacco Dependence Research Group paQueen Mary University yeLondon, akati: "Iyi maonero matsva e-e-cigarette anoratidza kuti kune vakawanda vanoputa, e-cigarette chishandiso chinoshanda kurega kusvuta.Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti, Kwemakore anosvika maviri, hapana chimwe chezvidzidzo izvi chakawana humbowo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwefodya yemagetsi kwakakuvadza vanhu. "
Kuenzaniswa nemamwe marapirwo, nicotine e-fodya ine mwero wepamusoro wekurega kusvuta.
Yakavambwa muna 1993, Cochrane isangano risingabatsiri rakatumidzwa mukurangarira Archiebald L. Cochrane, muvambi wemishonga yakavakirwa pauchapupu.Ndiro zvakare rine chiremera chakazvimiririra cheuchapupu-chakavakirwa pakurapa sangano redzidzo munyika.Kusvika pari zvino, ine vanopfuura 37,000 vanozvipira munyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi manomwe.Poshi.
Iyo inonzi mushonga wakavakirwa pauchapupu, ndiko kuti, mushonga unobva paumbowo hunoenderana, wakasiyana nemishonga yechinyakare yakavakirwa pamushonga weempirical.Sarudzo dzakakosha dzekurapa dzinofanirwa kunge dzichibva pauchapupu hwepamusoro hwesainzi.Naizvozvo, humbowo-hwakavakirwa mushonga tsvakiridzo inotoitisa hombe-sample yakadzorwa yakadzorwa miedzo yekiriniki, yakarongeka ongororo, meta-kuongorora, uyezve kupatsanura mwero wehumbowo hunowanikwa zvinoenderana nezviyero, izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara.
Muongororo iyi, Cochrane akawana zvidzidzo makumi mashanu kubva kunyika gumi nenhatu dzinosanganisira United States neUnited Kingdom, zvinosanganisira vanhu vakuru vanoputa fodya zviuru gumi nezviviri nemazana mana.Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti nekushandiswa kwechikakananda chinotsiva kurapa (zvakadai sechikakananda, chikakananda) kana mamakisi e-fodya asingasanganisi chikakananda, vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa nicotine e-fodya kurega kusvuta kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu.
Reuters yakashuma miuyo yenzvero yakazara yaCochrane: “Ongororo yakawanikwa: yakanyorwa mumakamu kana kuti chigamba, e-fodya inoshanda zvakanyanya mukurega kusvuta.”
Yakananga kune data, yakaverengerwa mumashoko akakwana, 10 kubva kune vanhu ve100 vese vanorega kusvuta vachishandisa nicotine e-cigarettes vanogona kubudirira kurega kusvuta;kubva pavanhu vose ve100 vakasiya kushandisa nicotine replacement therapy kana e-cigarettes isingabatanidzi nicotine, vanhu ve6 chete vanogona kubudirira kurega Kurega kusvuta, zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marapirwo, nicotine e-cigarettes vane mwero wakakwirira wekurega.
Ichi chinyorwa, mumwe wevanyori vepfupiso, Purofesa Caitlin Notley weUniversity of East Anglia's Norwich School of Medicine muUK, akati: “Imwe yenzira dzinoshanda uye dzinoshandiswa zvakafara kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta ndeyekubvisa kusvuta— zvinoenderana nezvishuwo.E-fodya uye chikakananda chingamu nezvinamira Mumiririri akasiyana.Inotevedzera ruzivo rwekuputa uye inogona kupa vanoputa nicotine, asi haifumure vashandisi nevamwe kuhutsi hwefodya yechinyakare.
Kubvumirana kwesayenzi pamusoro pe-e-cigarettes ndeyokuti kunyange zvazvo e-cigarettes isiri pangozi-isina zvachose, haina kukuvadza zvakanyanya kudarika fodya."Chikwata cheCochrane Tobacco Addiction Team" chakataura kuti "uchapupu huripo hunoratidza kuti e-cigarette nezvimwe zvinotsiva nicotine zvinowedzera mikana yekubudirira kurega kusvuta."Jamie Hartmann-Boyce akadaro.Iye zvakare mumwe wevanyori vakuru vetsvagurudzo yazvino.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinosimbisa: 1.3 miriyoni vanhu muUK vakabudirira kurega kuputa ne e-fodya.
Muchokwadi, kuwedzera kune Cochrane, mazhinji ane chiremera masangano ezvidzidzo zvekurapa munyika akashandurwa kuita zita rakakodzera re "e-cigarette kuputa kuputa zviri nani" pamatanho akasiyana.
Vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeNew York muUnited States vakaona kuti kana vachienzaniswa nevashandisi vasina kumboshandisa e-fodya, kushandiswa kwemazuva ose kwe-e-cigarettes kunogona kubatsira vanoputa munguva pfupi (
Kare gore rapfuura, chidzidzo chakazvimirira chakaitwa neUniversity College London (University College London) chakaratidza kuti e-fodya inobatsira 50,000 kusvika ku70,000 vashandisi vefodya muUK kuti varege kusvuta gore rega rega.Mushumo uchangoburwa kubva kuDhipatimendi rePublic Health yeUnited Kingdom unoratidzawo kuti vanhu vanosvika miriyoni 1.3 vakasiya fodya zvachose nekuda kwe-e-cigarettes.
Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yakabudiswa neUniversity College London mupepanhau redzidzo rine mukurumbira pasi rose rinonzi Addiction yakaratidza kuti e-fodya yakabatsira vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu vanoputa kuBritain kuti vasiye kuputa zvinobudirira pagore.
Nezvekunetseka kwevanhu pamusoro pengozi dze e-cigarettes, John Britton, Purofesa Emeritus weRespiratory Medicine paYunivhesiti yeNottingham, UK, akati: "Kubata kwenguva refu kwekuchengetedzwa kwe-e-cigarettes kunoda kuongororwa kwenguva refu, asi. uchapupu hwose zvino hunoratidza kuti chero migumisiro yenguva refu ye-e-cigarette iduku zvikuru kudarika midzanga. "
Pamberi uye mushure memakore maviri ekutevera, hapana humbowo hwakawanikwa hwekuti fodya yemagetsi yakakonzera kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-14-2021